KONSEKUENSI LAMA TAHUN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Abstract
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian menganalisis konsekuensi lama tahun pendidikan formal terhadap pendapatan pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kabupaten Manokwari. Data penelitian bersumber dari survei lapang yang dilakukan terhadap pelaku usaha mikro dan kecil di Kabupaten Manokwari. Data diolah dengan regresi ordinary least square menggunakan software stata 14. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, lama tahun pendidikan formal berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kabupaten Manokwari. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tenaga kerja, pengalaman kerja, dan kepemilikan aset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kabupaten Manokwari.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, pendapatan, usaha mikro menengah dan kecil
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences of years of education on the income of Micro and Small Enterprises in Manokwari Regency. The main data are sourced from a field survey conducted on micro and small business in Manokwari Regency. The data were analyzed by ordinary least squares regression using stata 14. The results of this study findings indicate that the length of the year of education affects the income of Micro and Small Enterprises in Manokwari. Other findings from this study also show that the number of workers, work experience, and asset ownership have a significant effect on the income of Micro and Small Enterprises in Manokwari.
Keywords: education, income, micro, medium and small enterprises
References
REFERENCE
Al-Amin, A. K. M. A., & Hossain, M. J. (2019). Impact of non-farm income on welfare in rural Bangladesh: Multilevel mixed-effects regression approach. World Development Perspectives, 13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.014
Alnassar, W. I., & Al-Shakrchy, E. (2020). Financial education, political instability and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11).
Amelia, D., Syukmayettil, L., & Zuripal. (2021). The Effect of Business Knowledge, Business Skill, Self Confidence and Innovation on Business Performance of Small and Medium Industry in the City of Bukittinggi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 747(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012084
Awada, M., Lucas, G., Becerik-Gerber, B., & Roll, S. (2021). Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on office worker productivity and work experience. Work, 69(4). https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210301
Carneiro, P. M., Heckman, J. J., & Vytlacil, E. J. (2021). Estimating Marginal Returns to Education. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1696899
Chen, Y., Jiang, S., & Zhou, L. A. (2020). Estimating returns to education in urban China: Evidence from a natural experiment in schooling reform. Journal of Comparative Economics, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.09.004
Custodio, C., Mendes, D., & Metzger, D. (2019). The Impact of Financial Education of Managers on Medium and Large Enterprises – A Randomized Controlled Trial in Mozambique. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3450851
Dennis, K., Achesa, K., & Gedion, O. (2015). Effects of Microfinance Credit on the Performance of Small and Medium Enteprises in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. In International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research (Vol. 3, Issue 7).
Eddy sarwono, A., & Asih Handayani. (2021). Determinants of the Quality Financial Information Small and Medium Enterprises Sector. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i4.262
Ferreira, J. J., Fernandes, C. I., Kraus, S., & McDowell, W. C. (2021). Moderating influences on the entrepreneurial orientation-business performance relationship in SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503211018109
Gómez, G., Mena, A., & López, R. B. (2021). Study of the determinant factors of the growth of municipal savings and credit cooperatives in Peru. Contaduria y Administracion, 64(3). https://doi.org/10.22201/FCA.24488410E.2018.1596
Hargreaves, S., Rustage, K., Nellums, L. B., McAlpine, A., Pocock, N., Devakumar, D., Aldridge, R. W., Abubakar, I., Kristensen, K. L., Himmels, J. W., Friedland, J. S., & Zimmerman, C. (2019). Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30204-9
Hughes, M., Cesinger, B., Cheng, C. F., Schuessler, F., & Kraus, S. (2019). A configurational analysis of network and knowledge variables explaining Born Globals’ and late internationalizing SMEs’ international performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.12.001
Hwang, J., & Lim, Y. (2021). An effect of educational quality on learning outcomes and organizational performance: focused on Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Journal of Education and Work, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2021.1897546
Ismartaya. (2021). Pengaruh Modal, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Inovasi terhadap Kinerja UMKM Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus UMKM di Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat). Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 6(1).
Jasfar, F., & Arafah, W. (2019). Analysis of E-Marketing Implementation in Mediating the Effect of Strategic Market Orientation on Strategic Mses Performance. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 3(11).
Jones, J., & Corral de Zubielqui, G. (2017). Doing well by doing good: A study of university-industry interactions, innovationess and firm performance in sustainability-oriented Australian SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.036
Kalkhouran, A. A. N., Nedaei, B. H. N., & Rasid, S. Z. A. (2017). The indirect effect of strategic management accounting in the relationship between CEO characteristics and their networking activities, and company performance. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-05-2015-0042
Kistyanto, A., Rasi, R. Z., Surjanti, J., & Aji, T. S. (2020). The Effects of Self-Efficacy, Islamic Human Capital, and Financial Literacy on SME Performance in Lamongan East Java, Indonesia. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v4i2.6030
Lateh, M., Hussain, M. D., & Halim, M. S. A. (2017). Micro Enterprise Development and Income Sustainability for Poverty Reduction: A Literature Investigation. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 7(1).
Li, X., He, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The impact of social media on the business performance of small firms in China. Information Technology for Development, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1594661
Ma, J., Zhang, J., Li, L., Zeng, Z., Sun, J., Zhou, Q. (Bill), & Zhang, Y. (2018). Study on livelihood assets-based spatial differentiation of the income of natural tourism communities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020353
Maziriri, E. T., & Chivandi, A. (2020). Modelling key predictors that stimulate the entrepreneurial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and poverty reduction: Perspectives from SME managers in an emerging economy. Acta Commercii, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v20i1.773
McGuinness, S., Kelly, E., Pham, T. T. P., Ha, T. T. T., & Whelan, A. (2021). Returns to education in Vietnam: A changing landscape. World Development, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105205
Menike, L. M. C. S. (2019). Effect of Financial Literacy on Firm Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Sri Lanka. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3306719
Mori, Y., & Sakamoto, N. (2018). Economic consequences of employment quota system for disabled people: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Japan. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2017.02.001
MUIRURI, P. M. (2014). The Role of Micro-Finance Institutions to the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) in Thika, Kenya (Empirical Review of Non-Financial Factors). International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v4-i4/1342
Mustapha, W. N. W., Al Mamun, A., Mansori, S., & Balasubramaniam, S. (2020). Effect of entrepreneurial competencies on micro-enterprises income and assets in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-01-2020-0009
Mutonyi, S. (2019). The effect of collective action on smallholder income and asset holdings in Kenya. World Development Perspectives, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.010
Ncube, M. S., & Chimucheka, T. (2019). The effect of managerial competencies on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Makana Municipality, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(5).
Omsa, S. (2017). The Effect of Strategic Management Practices on SME Performances in Makassar, Indonesia. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtab.20170304.12
Pérez-González, D., Preciado, S. T., & Solana-Gonzalez, P. (2019). Organizational practices as antecedents of the information security management performance: An empirical investigation. Information Technology and People, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-06-2018-0261
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020). The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186
Purnastuti, L., Miller, P. W., & Salim, R. (2013). Declining rates of return to education: Evidence for Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.809842
Rumere, V., Sugiyanto, C., & Sulistyaningrum, E. (2022). The Impact of Special Autonomy on Education and Health Outcomes. Journal of Economics and Policy, 15(2), 114–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v15i1.32301
Sulistyaningsih, H., & Hanggraeni, D. (2021). The Impact of Technological, Organisational, Environmental Factors on The Adoption of QR Code Indonesian Standard and Micro Small Medium Enterprise Performance. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(14).
Tsou, M. W., & Yang, C. H. (2019). Does gender structure affect firm productivity? Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.03.005
Wellschmied, F. (2021). The welfare effects of asset mean‐testing income support. Quantitative Economics, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3982/qe1241
Worokinasih, S., & Potipiroon, W. (2019). Microfinance repayment performance of SMEs in Indonesia: Examining the roles of social capital and loan credit terms. Journal of Behavioral Science, 14(1).
Al-Amin, A. K. M. A., & Hossain, M. J. (2019). Impact of non-farm income on welfare in rural Bangladesh: Multilevel mixed-effects regression approach. World Development Perspectives, 13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.014
Alnassar, W. I., & Al-Shakrchy, E. (2020). Financial education, political instability and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(11).
Amelia, D., Syukmayettil, L., & Zuripal. (2021). The Effect of Business Knowledge, Business Skill, Self Confidence and Innovation on Business Performance of Small and Medium Industry in the City of Bukittinggi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 747(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012084
Awada, M., Lucas, G., Becerik-Gerber, B., & Roll, S. (2021). Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on office worker productivity and work experience. Work, 69(4). https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210301
Carneiro, P. M., Heckman, J. J., & Vytlacil, E. J. (2021). Estimating Marginal Returns to Education. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1696899
Chen, Y., Jiang, S., & Zhou, L. A. (2020). Estimating returns to education in urban China: Evidence from a natural experiment in schooling reform. Journal of Comparative Economics, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.09.004
Custodio, C., Mendes, D., & Metzger, D. (2019). The Impact of Financial Education of Managers on Medium and Large Enterprises – A Randomized Controlled Trial in Mozambique. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3450851
Dennis, K., Achesa, K., & Gedion, O. (2015). Effects of Microfinance Credit on the Performance of Small and Medium Enteprises in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. In International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research (Vol. 3, Issue 7).
Eddy sarwono, A., & Asih Handayani. (2021). Determinants of the Quality Financial Information Small and Medium Enterprises Sector. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i4.262
Ferreira, J. J., Fernandes, C. I., Kraus, S., & McDowell, W. C. (2021). Moderating influences on the entrepreneurial orientation-business performance relationship in SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503211018109
Gómez, G., Mena, A., & López, R. B. (2021). Study of the determinant factors of the growth of municipal savings and credit cooperatives in Peru. Contaduria y Administracion, 64(3). https://doi.org/10.22201/FCA.24488410E.2018.1596
Hargreaves, S., Rustage, K., Nellums, L. B., McAlpine, A., Pocock, N., Devakumar, D., Aldridge, R. W., Abubakar, I., Kristensen, K. L., Himmels, J. W., Friedland, J. S., & Zimmerman, C. (2019). Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30204-9
Hughes, M., Cesinger, B., Cheng, C. F., Schuessler, F., & Kraus, S. (2019). A configurational analysis of network and knowledge variables explaining Born Globals’ and late internationalizing SMEs’ international performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.12.001
Hwang, J., & Lim, Y. (2021). An effect of educational quality on learning outcomes and organizational performance: focused on Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Journal of Education and Work, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2021.1897546
Ismartaya. (2021). Pengaruh Modal, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Inovasi terhadap Kinerja UMKM Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus UMKM di Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat). Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 6(1).
Jasfar, F., & Arafah, W. (2019). Analysis of E-Marketing Implementation in Mediating the Effect of Strategic Market Orientation on Strategic Mses Performance. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 3(11).
Jones, J., & Corral de Zubielqui, G. (2017). Doing well by doing good: A study of university-industry interactions, innovationess and firm performance in sustainability-oriented Australian SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.036
Kalkhouran, A. A. N., Nedaei, B. H. N., & Rasid, S. Z. A. (2017). The indirect effect of strategic management accounting in the relationship between CEO characteristics and their networking activities, and company performance. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-05-2015-0042
Kistyanto, A., Rasi, R. Z., Surjanti, J., & Aji, T. S. (2020). The Effects of Self-Efficacy, Islamic Human Capital, and Financial Literacy on SME Performance in Lamongan East Java, Indonesia. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v4i2.6030
Lateh, M., Hussain, M. D., & Halim, M. S. A. (2017). Micro Enterprise Development and Income Sustainability for Poverty Reduction: A Literature Investigation. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 7(1).
Li, X., He, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The impact of social media on the business performance of small firms in China. Information Technology for Development, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1594661
Ma, J., Zhang, J., Li, L., Zeng, Z., Sun, J., Zhou, Q. (Bill), & Zhang, Y. (2018). Study on livelihood assets-based spatial differentiation of the income of natural tourism communities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020353
Maziriri, E. T., & Chivandi, A. (2020). Modelling key predictors that stimulate the entrepreneurial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and poverty reduction: Perspectives from SME managers in an emerging economy. Acta Commercii, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v20i1.773
McGuinness, S., Kelly, E., Pham, T. T. P., Ha, T. T. T., & Whelan, A. (2021). Returns to education in Vietnam: A changing landscape. World Development, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105205
Menike, L. M. C. S. (2019). Effect of Financial Literacy on Firm Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Sri Lanka. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3306719
Mori, Y., & Sakamoto, N. (2018). Economic consequences of employment quota system for disabled people: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Japan. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2017.02.001
MUIRURI, P. M. (2014). The Role of Micro-Finance Institutions to the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) in Thika, Kenya (Empirical Review of Non-Financial Factors). International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v4-i4/1342
Mustapha, W. N. W., Al Mamun, A., Mansori, S., & Balasubramaniam, S. (2020). Effect of entrepreneurial competencies on micro-enterprises income and assets in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-01-2020-0009
Mutonyi, S. (2019). The effect of collective action on smallholder income and asset holdings in Kenya. World Development Perspectives, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.010
Ncube, M. S., & Chimucheka, T. (2019). The effect of managerial competencies on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Makana Municipality, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(5).
Omsa, S. (2017). The Effect of Strategic Management Practices on SME Performances in Makassar, Indonesia. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtab.20170304.12
Pérez-González, D., Preciado, S. T., & Solana-Gonzalez, P. (2019). Organizational practices as antecedents of the information security management performance: An empirical investigation. Information Technology and People, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-06-2018-0261
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020). The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186
Purnastuti, L., Miller, P. W., & Salim, R. (2013). Declining rates of return to education: Evidence for Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.809842
Rumere, V., Sugiyanto, C., & Sulistyaningrum, E. (2022). The Impact of Special Autonomy on Education and Health Outcomes. Journal of Economics and Policy, 15(2), 114–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v15i1.32301
Sulistyaningsih, H., & Hanggraeni, D. (2021). The Impact of Technological, Organisational, Environmental Factors on The Adoption of QR Code Indonesian Standard and Micro Small Medium Enterprise Performance. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(14).
Tsou, M. W., & Yang, C. H. (2019). Does gender structure affect firm productivity? Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.03.005
Wellschmied, F. (2021). The welfare effects of asset mean‐testing income support. Quantitative Economics, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3982/qe1241
Worokinasih, S., & Potipiroon, W. (2019). Microfinance repayment performance of SMEs in Indonesia: Examining the roles of social capital and loan credit terms. Journal of Behavioral Science, 14(1).
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Published
2022-11-30
How to Cite
RUMERE, Victor.
KONSEKUENSI LAMA TAHUN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI.
Cakrawala Management Business Journal, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 129 -147, nov. 2022.
ISSN 2623-0887.
Available at: <https://journal.feb.unipa.ac.id/index.php/cmbj/article/view/236>. Date accessed: 11 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30862/cm-bj.v5i2.236.
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Articles
